Regarding Montessorie Education

1) One of the disclosures of Dr. Montessori about the youngster in the initial hardly any years should be dynamic to have the option to create. Clarify this announcement? Ans:Introduction: Dr. Maria Montessorie has truly watched a youngsters so cautiously, precisely and accurately that she can authoratively talk that â€Å" she has found the child†. She has structured such a quite appealing framework for youngsters. a)Purposefull action and order: According to her hypothesis if kids are allocated with puposefull task, they accomplish the given objective. b) Introduction of life Exercise: Even how to deal with kid on the customary premise are pleasantly planned by her with exceptionally valuable strategy and the above focuses are referenced underneath inside and out as follows: a)Purposefull avtivity/Discipline: As it is properly said that until the age of 5 years, kids taking in power is 100% and from 6-8 its 80% and later on it decreases. As I have watched if kids are given deliberate assignment, they will be dynamic until they accomplish the errand and once the undertaking is finished, they begin loosing the intrigue. So to make dynamic and grow appropriately assignment ought to be purposefull I. e. with legitimate point, which will assist them with learning something (instructive) and just as they will learn with fun without acknowledging as weight, in light of the fact that Maria’s hypothesis is scholarly to the point, that children learn absent a lot of endeavors on account of materials they utilized, which children appreciate and learn. So its like†Play and Fun† Concept. e. g. In the event that I attempt to show my child to tally the nos 1-20 ,it would’nt pull in him, he may state out of impulse, yet won’t adapt appropriately, however same with Maria’s hypothesis assist him with learning quicker like by utilizing rhymes: one two clasp my shoes, by method of checking dabs, which are beautiful and alluring and some different games by these strategy multipurpose movement are included like he will learn rhymes, checking hues, shapes, and so on. So it is essential to pick right sort of material for right age which will help him notonly to be dynamic however logically dynamic. The doled out undertaking ought to be cleverly doled out according to their advantage and loving or in such an appealing style, that they might want to play and which will make their advantage and keep them dynamic and curiose until they accomplish it, which is useful for both and in these way they adapt joyfully and absent a lot of obstruction of grown-ups and endeavors. b)Introduction of life Excersice: As the word itself portrays day â€to-day activites. It’s difficuly to manage kids everyday errand, except maria has so adroitly planned the idea which truly makes both life simpler in handling them. As children are structured in one calendar/schedule, they will become accustomed to it, at first to set the timetable and follow it’s bit troublesome, yet gradually they become accustomed to it and they comprehend what they have to do. Order is significant for their future turn of events yet it very well may be done distinctly with affection, regard and persistence. On the off chance that you continue giving them guidance they won’t listen all and it will be exhausting for them. e. g. 1) If I state my child, go to latrine, wash your hands, flush the water, wipe ur hands, and so on. These are 4 guidelines, out of which he will just follow the 1(go to can) as that he needs, remaining he won’t. However, on the off chance that you state go to can and clarify him once, what all he needs to do , he will become accustomed to it and even without saying he will follow. In this manner Parents can anticipate these acquiescence, however dutifulness comes just with adoration and not with power. ) I was attempting to instruct my child about vegetables from a book and I understood he did’nt think that its intriguing, however out of impulse he was attempting to remember. In the wake of perusing Maria hypothesis I attempt to make it vivacious by taking him to shopping and demonstrating all the vegetables and clarify him and you won’t trust I was stunned, before we came he knew all the vegetables, and framed a vegetable melody, since he truly delighted in as opposed to a book, so what I coul’nt do in 2 days he did it in a couple of moments minutes. Furthermore, these scene assist me with understanding that correct sort of method is significant for kids. Once in a while Parents consistently continue cribbling, that we put part of endeavors, yet at the same time he is same,but it’s the guardians who don’t comprehend their need appropriately. End: So I consent to her hypothesis that initial scarcely any years are exceptionally urgent for their better turn of events and for good outcome. One should utilize right strategies to keep them dynamic and build up their great future. So utilize right speculations, material and right condition for their better future which will assist you with keeping them dynamic and you will accomplish great outcome. 2)†Montessorie strategy is novel since it depends on her finding the child†. Develop this announcement. Ans:Maria Montessorie had a virtuoso of watching it and arriving at resolution that kids acted in certain way in specific situations, that permitted no obstruction from adutls and than from place of kids Casa dei Bambini was set up in 1907 in san Lorenzo Rome, Italy the first House of kids. First House of Children was support in which Montessorie Method was brought into the world with no specific instructive intentions and here are not many of her disclosures as follows. 1) Children love to work Purposefully: As it’s a human instinct to chip away at focused assignment and be dynamic until they accomplish the undertaking, task assist them with going right way and once they achieve,their certainty is help up. So to dole out an appropriately planned assignment, which they waould find fascinating is very importantand so right kind od material, condition and bearing is expected to give them right undertaking (intentionally). e. g. in the event that u need to show ur kid creatures, as opposed to utilizing the book, give him some creature puzzle, delicate toys or dress him like a creature, clarify the element and make a jungle,etc. In these manner he won't just find out about creatures, yet find out about their qualities just as it is exceptionally sensible for them and they will appreciate it. 2) Purposefull work lead them to join their abilities: If the children are allocated deliberate errand, which will likewise assist you with judging their abilities, likes, intrigue, and so on. As they are working independently you can watch their abilities and help them to redress just when they truly need you and simultaneously you can without much of a stretch appointed authority their aptitude. 3)Exercise of Practical life: In everyday life we unwittingly put a great deal of focus on kid by providing undesirable guidance and requests and still he won’t learn and you become annoyed. So as opposed to utilize some Arithimatic, dramatization, language, music, toys and enthusiastic things which will assist them with learning quicker and absent a lot of endeavors and make your life simpler. 4) Social level: It implies they ought to be prepared on social angle also, such as sharing acting, and so on, however these comes when they see different children doing and mimicking their grown-ups. I attempt to tell my child u will share your plays with companions and ask before taking their toys† Can I†. He will do just in the event that I additionally do the equivalent things,as they follow their grown-ups as â€well-as in the school they learn kid sharing and helping one another. e. g. on 1 table some are accomplishing chaotic work, on other some are doing make movement, the other will come and help to cut, glue, and so on and these route without saying they learn and share. 5) Discipline without Enforcement: Everybody cherishes discipline, however it accompanies love, regard and persistence. So in certain schools youngsters are compelled to observe a few guidelines by snare and evildoer and to accomplish these outcome educators attempt to yell on the children which make disdaining about it and won’t learn,but same things by Maria hypothesis helps a great deal by method of adoration and clarifying and giving them a chance to adjust it and they couldn't imagine anything better than to follow with preferring. 6) Meaning of Obedience: It’s each parent and instructors dream to have loyal kids,but no one understand that acquiescence accompanies love and not with power. One can be onlyobedient, when they have regard for you and simultaneously their inward fulfillment is satisfied. 7) Love of Silence: â€Å"Silence speaks Louder than words†. It has more effect than words. So if kids attempt to get out of hand or overruleyou simply give them a Stern look with quiet and see the outcome. It work’s my companion. e. g. at the point when my child attempt to overrule me, I attempt to clarify yet he overlooks and than I live him and save quiet for few moments and he does what I need, as he need me to converse with him. 8) Right Environment/Behavior: Right condition is important for any individual to groq and create. In Montessorie kids get right condition with right material, prepared educators which help them to investigate and gives them opportunity which at home is beyond the realm of imagination. As they get their opportunity, children of contrast age group,trained grown-ups, materials and no grown-up impedance which help them to create. End: according to above disclosures we can presume that she has truly watched the kid inside and out and can legitimately talk that â€Å"She found the child†.

Exogenous IL-10 and Golimumab for Heart Failure Treatment

Exogenous IL-10 and Golimumab for Heart Failure Treatment Synergistic Effect of Exogenous IL-10 and Golimumab in the Treatment for Heart Failure in Rats Running title: Heart Failure Treatment Features: The degree of TNF-ÃŽ ± diminished after treatment with IL-10 and golimumab. The degree of IL-10 was expanded by IL-10 joined with golimumab. IL-10 and golimumab synergistically affect HF in rodents. Unique Destinations We endeavored to evaluate the remedial impact of exogenous interleukin-10 (IL-10) in mix with golimumab in treating cardiovascular breakdown (HF) in rodents, and give an exploratory premise to clinical application. Techniques HF creature model was incited in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rodents by intraperitoneally infusion with adriamycin, and rodents in control bunch were treated with 0.9% ordinary saline. The HF rodents were haphazardly partitioned into 4 gatherings: bunch A (HF gathering, n = 10), bunch B (IL-10 gathering, n = 10), bunch C (golimumab gathering, n = 10), and gathering D (IL-10 and golimumab gathering, n = 10). The typical rodents were characterized as controls in bunch E (n=10). A quarter of a year later, myocardial useful lists and hemodynamic lists of rodents in all gatherings were estimated. The degrees of TNF-ÃŽ ± and IL-10 in serum were identified by compound connected immunosorbent examine (ELISA). Results The HF rodent model was effectively built. After the treatment, contrasted and bunch A, the hemodynamic records in bunches B-D were particularly extraordinary (P Ends IL-10 and golimumab has synergistic impact in the treatment of HF in rodents, proposing a potential clinical utilization of IL-10 joined with golimumab. Watchwords: cytokines; golimumab; cardiovascular breakdown; IL-10; TNF-ÃŽ ± Presentation Cardiovascular breakdown (HF) is viewed as a condition wherein the heart can scarcely siphon adequate blood to address the issue of the body [1]. It was shown that HF is firmly identified with a few ailments, for example, hypertension, ischemic coronary illness, diabetes, weight and dyslipidaemia [2]. HF has just been a significant reason for horribleness and mortality overall [3, 4]. It was accounted for that more than23 million individuals on the planet are experiencing HF [1]. Mortality brought about by HF is up to 30%-40% inside one year, and ascend to a pace of half 75% inside 5 years [5, 6]. Thus, HF has been a wellbeing concern everywhere throughout the world. Past examinations recommended that the awkwardness of mitigating and expert provocative cytokines assumed a key job in the movement of HF [7]. Ongoing investigations have featured the impacts of certain cytokines on safe interceded myocyte injury, postischemic myocardial aggravation, and heart work. Levels of mitigating cytokines, for example, interleukin-10 (IL-10) are diminished in HF improvement [8-11]. Confirmations exhibited IL-10 controlled aggravation by restraining star provocative cytokine amalgamation and accepted antiapoptotic forms [12]. IL-10 can advance mending of ventricular harm to stay away from ventricular rebuilding [13, 14]. IL-10 can upgrade humoral insusceptibility by restraining cell-interceded invulnerability to oppose HF. In this manner, IL-10 is viewed as a contender for the administration of HF, [12]. Serum level of star provocative cytokines of tumor rot factor ÃŽ ± (TNF-ÃŽ ±) are seen as raised in exploratory models of HF [15]. Studies announced that an e xpansion of TNF-ÃŽ ± focus brought about rot and apoptosis of myocardial cells, at long last prompted ventricular rebuilding by the dynamic diminishing and development of ventricular divider [16]. TNF-ÃŽ ± was accounted for to bring down the myocardial systolic capacity straightforwardly [13, 14]. Besides, confirmations revealed the relationship of TNF-ÃŽ ± and movement of HF: raised degree of TNF-ÃŽ ± added to the turn of events and movement of HF by enactment of grid metalloproteinases, and advancement of myocardial hypertrophy and contractile brokenness [12]. Along these lines, the TNF-ÃŽ ± inhibitors, as meds for HF treatment, had been turning into the current interesting issues in HF considers. These days, etanercept, a recombinational TNF-ÃŽ ± inhibitor, had been blended as of now, which hinder the professional provocative of TNF-ÃŽ ± because of the prohibited impact for the conjugation of TNF-ÃŽ ± and cell layer receptor [17]. Golimumab, another TNF-ÃŽ ± inhibitor, is a monoclonal counter acting agent explicit for human TNF-ÃŽ ± [18]. It can repress the bioactivity of TNF-ÃŽ ± by means of authoritative to TNF-ÃŽ ± with high partiality and particularity to forestall TNF-ÃŽ ± from mix with TNF receptor [19]. Likewise, IL-10 has been appeared to assume a crucial job in the mucosal insusceptible framework by hindrance of star provocative cytokine union, for example, TNF-ÃŽ ± [20, 21]. Be that as it may, there are not many examinations detailing the impact of exogenous IL-10 joined with golimumab forthe HF treatment. In the current examination, we utilized HF rodents model, which was incited by intraperitoneal infusion with adriamycin (ADR), to investigate the impact of exogenous IL-10 joined with golimumab in the treatment for HF. To dissect the restorative impacts, IL-10 or/and golimumab were intraperitoneally infused into the HF rodents and the impacts of the medicines were tried by estimating heart useful files and level of incendiary cytokines. What's more, the potential instruments of this impact were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rodents model of cardiovascular breakdown Fifty 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rodents, including 25 females and 25 guys, were given by Laboratory creature focus, southern clinical college Southern Medical University. Forty rodents, with 20 females and 20 guys, were picked aimlessly. Rodents with HF were incited by intraperitoneal infusion with 4 mg/kg adriamycin (ADR) when seven days for multiple times. Control rodents were given a similar volume of typical saline. Trial plan and medication organization Following a month and a half, the model rodents were haphazardly partitioned into 4 trial gatherings: HF gathering (bunch A, n=10), IL-10 gathering (bunch B, n=10), golimumab gathering (bunch C, n=10), and IL-10 and golimumab gathering (bunch D, n=10), with 5 females and 5 guys in each gathering. The ordinary rodents were considered as controls in bunch E (n=10). Rodents in bunch B was given an intraperitoneally infusion of 50 pg/kg IL-10 every week. Precisely, 1 mg/kg golimumab (Centocor Ortho Biotech Inc) was controlled intraperitoneally into the rodents in bunch C every month. Rodents in bunch D was intraperitoneally infused with 50 pg/kg IL-10 every week and 1 mg/kg golimumab every month. Simultaneously, rodents in bunches An and E got an intraperitoneal infusion of 1ml typical saline. Rodents in each gathering were treated for multiple times altogether. During the trial, rodents were benefited from food and clean water unreservedly. Echocardiography A quarter of a year after organization, echocardiographic markers were acquired utilizing a shading doppler ultrasonic cardiograph (Vingmed CFM-725). Rodents were anesthetized with 5 ml/kg urethane arrangement at a convergence of 20% by intraperitoneal infusion, and left ventricular long-hub and M-mode bend at the degree of the left papillary muscles were estimated. At long last, the left ventricle end-diastolic breadth (LVEDD), the left ventricle end-systolic width (LVESD), left ventricular back divider profundity (LVPWD) were estimated, and the left ventricle partial shortening (LVFS) can be determined by the elements over, the recipe is as per the following: à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬LVFS = [( LVEDDà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ LVESD)/LVEDD]Ãâ€"100%. Estimations of haemodynamic parameters After anaesthetization, rodents were fixed followed bytracheal intubationwith fake ventilation. Super-smaller than expected heart catheter was associated with multipurposepolygraph (Nikon 4) through the correct basic carotid vein and climbing aorta. Systolic weight (ASP), diastolic weight (ADP) and pulse (HR) was recorded. As a development, the cardiovascular catheter were embedded into the left ventricle, the left ventricle systolic weight (LVSP), the left ventricular end-diastolic weight (LVEDP) and the most extreme pace of the left ventricular weight rise (+dp/dtmax) and decrease (- dp/dtmax) were estimated. At that point, allratsweresacrificed to weight the body. Their hearts were weighted in the wake of washing by chilly typical saline and drying by channel paper. At long last, Heart weight/Body weight (HW/BW, mg/g) was determined dependent on HW and BW. Assurance of the degree of TNF-ÃŽ ± and IL-10 in serum After hemodynamic assessment, 2 ml blood tests were drawn from the catheter situated in the left normal carotid corridor, and gathered into a 2 ml tube. After 30 min, the blood tests were centrifuged at 3000 r/min for 10 min. The supernatant were gathered into Eppendorf (EP) tube. The grouping of TNF-ÃŽ ± and IL-10 in serum were recognized by utilizing an ELISA unit (RayBiotech. Inc), and test methodology were led by themanufacturer’sinstructions severely. Factual investigation The information were spoken to as mean  ± standard deviation (SD). Examinations between bunches were investigated by single direction ANOVA and q-test (Student-Newman-Kueulsmethod). Every single factual examination were performed by utilizing SPSS 12.0 programming (SPSS, Chicago, IL). P RESULTS Heart work At the point when the model foundation was finished, the entirety of the rodents experienced HF, demonstrating manifestations including dyspnea, edema, feed trouble and oliguria. HF indications of the rodents in bunches B-D were reduced after the treatment with IL-10, golimumab, and IL-10 and golimumab separately. Clearly, side effects of the rodents in bunch D were most altogether mitigated. There was no rodent passed on during the experimentation. Changes of BW, HW and HW/BW in the rodents after treatment As appeared in table 1, the BW and HW of the rodents in bunches A-D diminished fundamentally as opposed to those in bunch E (P altogether when contrasted and bunch A (P > 0.05). The BW and HW of the rodents in bunch D were notably expanded contrasted and gathering A (422.85â ±34.45 mg versus 315.45â ±20.56 mg; 1355.29â ±112.23 mg versus 1154.58â ±135.48 mg, P The aftereffects of echocardiography Table

Big Data How to Manage Hadoop

Big Data How to Manage Hadoop In the era of Big Data, IT managers need robust and scalable solutions that allow them to process, sort, and store Big Data. This is a tall order, given the complexity and scope of available data in the Digital Era. However, several solutions exist, though perhaps none more popular than Apache Hadoop (“Hadoop for short”).If you do not work in IT, and/or do not keep up-to-date with the latest in IT trends, you may not have heard of Hadoop; but the open source framework is used by firms ranging from social networking sites like Facebook to phone companies like ATT to energy companies like Chevron. These firms must not only store and process the data from both their internal operations and a wide variety of other sources; they must be able to leverage that data in order to develop a strong competitive advantage. And while leveraging Big Data requires vision, firm-wide buy-in, and skilled personnel, Hadoop provides arguably the most robust and versatile technical solution to a firm†™s Big Data needs. © Shutterstock.com | is am areIn this article, we will cover 1) what is Hadoop,  2) the components of Hadoop,  3) how Hadoop works,  4) deploying Hadoop,  5) managing Hadoop deployments,  and 6) an overview of common Hadoop products and services for Big Data management,  as well as 7) a brief glossary of Hadoop-related terms.WHAT IS HADOOP?Hadoop is an open-source big-data management framework, developed by the Apache Software Foundation, written in Java. Hadoop is a cross-platform distributed file system that allows individuals and organizations to store and process Big Data on commodity hardware â€" computing components used for optimized parallel computing. Doug Cutting (then a Yahoo software engineer) and Mike Carafella created Hadoop in 2005 to support Nutch, an open-source search engine. Hadoop is scalable and allows for the processing of both a large volume and a wide variety of datatypes and dataflows.Hadoop is a file system, not, as often thought, a database management solu tion as it lacks certain traditional database features. Indeed, many relational databases provide a wealth of business intelligence applications that the base package lacks. Hadoop’s core benefits lie in its abilities to store and process large volumes of diverse data (both structured and unstructured), and provide end-users with advanced analytical tools, such as machine learning and mathematical modeling, which can be applied to the data that Hadoop stores and processes. COMPONENTS OF HADOOPWhen one speaks of Hadoop, they are usually speaking about the Hadoop ecosystem, which includes a base package, as well as a variety of other software products that can be used in conjunction with the base package. The base package itself is composed of four modules:Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS): This distributed file system is where the data is stored within the Hadoop framework.Hadoop YARN: This module provides a framework for both cluster resource management and job scheduling.Hado op MapReduce: Using YARN, this Java-based module allows for the parallel processing of large data sets.Hadoop Common: This consists of utilities that support the other three modules.Beyond the base package, there are many other software packages, collectively comprising the Hadoop ecosystem. These include:Apache Pig â€" a programming platform for creating MapReduce programs;Apache Spark â€" an open-source cluster computing framework; andApache Hbase â€" a non-relational distributed database designed to store large quantities of sparse data, among others.Hadoop is also modular and allows IT personnel to replace different components for different software applications, depending on the deployment and the desired functionality.HOW HADOOP WORKSFundamentally, HDFS ingests data through batch and/or interactive data processing. As a distributed file system, all data and the MapReduce system are housed on every machine in a Hadoop cluster, which creates redundancy and increased processing s peed. In a Hadoop cluster, a single machine is designated as a NameNode while others are designated as DataNodes: these track where data is stored throughout the cluster. HDFS duplicates the data on each machine. The more machines added, the more space is gained. Further, multiple machines, each containing DataNodes, mitigates against the failure of any single component of the cluster.MapReduce is used to process the data, and it does so through two components, a JobTracker in the MasterNode in a Hadoop cluster, and the TaskTrackers on the DataNodes. The JobTracker splits a computing job into its component parts and distributes them to the TaskTrackers on the machines to carry out the components. The data is then returned, or reduced, to the central node. In addition to the space, the more machines added, the more processing power is gained.YARN, which stands for “Yet Another Resource Negotiator” packages MapReduce’s CPU and memory resource management functionality, allowing t hem to be run by other engines, and allowing one to run multiple applications in Hadoop.Further, the architecture and features of the base package allow for rebalancing data on multiple nodes, allocation of storage and task scheduling based on node location, versioning of the HDFS, and high availability. It is designed to be cost-effective, flexible and scalable as well as fault-tolerant.IMPLEMENTING HADOOPFor IT managers, Hadoop deployment involves configuring, deploying and managing a Hadoop cluster. This assumes that the firm has the in-house talent, or resources to recruit and retain the in-house talent to do so. Assuming the firm has neither, there are firms that specialize in outsourcing and insourcing this function; though long-term, it remains to be seen whether one can commoditize the innovation, creativity of firm-specific insights that can come from in-house talent.If the firm does decide to deploy Hadoop and manage its data itself, it must ask the same questions necessit ated by any Big Data deployment â€" questions requiring cross-departmental and cross-functional teams to answer them. These include:What the overall goals for Big Data integration at the firm are;How the use of Big Data will be aligned with the firm’s strategic business objectives;What the firm’s overall data needs are, based on existing and needed data infrastructure;What processes and procedures will be implemented to ensure that the firm’s goals and the data science unit achieve their organizational goals;What human resources are needed; andWhat technical resources are needed, among others.The firm must determine whether they will use a managed service provider or deploy it on-premises. The benefits of integrating Hadoop into business operations through a managed service provider are many, and include backup/recovery, automated upgrades, data security tools, technical support, automated configuration and provisioning, query analysis tools, data visualization tools, and test ing environments, among others. In essence, managed service providers allow firms to focus on the data analysis aspects of Big Data without the necessity of managing a Hadoop environment. However, the firm must have a solid plan for managing data inflows and outflows to and from the managed service provider, as well as the analytics; both will require human capital and training resources.If the usage of Hadoop is likely to be sporadic or low volume, then a cloud deployment makes sense, from both a cost and human capital perspective. If, however, there is regular high volume usage, and the firm envisions the need for rapid scaling, then an on-premises install is recommended. In such an instance, usage would likely drive the costs of using the managed service provider up. Further, firms with on-premises installations may find it easier to innovate and enter new markets, especially in data-intensive industries. For example, an entertainment website with a branded social network, may de cide to start selling branded merchandise through an online storefront. An on-premises installation may allow the firm to scale its new data collection needs more rapidly, and less expensively, then a firm using a managed services provider. Moreover, depending on the Internet of Things â€" the connection of both objects and living organisms through embedded computing technologies, affects a firm’s existing operations, and/or is harnessed to create new opportunities, the rapid scaling of data available throughout on-premises deployments may be the best option.From a technical perspective, the firm must consider the design and architecture of the Hadoop cluster for an on-premises deployment. This starts with setting up and configuring a cluster, on which Hadoop will be installed. This must be carefully thought-out in terms of: choice of operating system; the number of map/reduce slots needed; memory and storage requirements; the number of hard drive disks and their capacity; and the optimal network configuration. These must be chosen with scalability in mind. The cluster install must be evaluated and tested before Hadoop installation. Once it is installed, IT managers also must consider which Hadoop applications to deploy and/or develop to meet the firm’s specific data needs, and map out a plan to obtain or create them.From a human resources perspective, an on-premises deployment includes the personnel to deploy and maintain the Hadoop cluster, as well as the data scientists (either in a standalone data science department, dispersed throughout strategic business units, or a combination of the two), and other staff who will serve as end-users. From an implementation perspective, it is recommended to hire a consultant/consulting firm to design the architecture and assist in the deployment due to the complexity of enterprise-level Hadoop implementations, and the paucity of professionals versed in the latest Hadoop-specific technologies and products. And from a process standpoint, IT managers must work with department heads to determine what legacy systems should be phased out as well as training for end-users.MANAGING HADOOPOnce deployed, firms must ensure that the environment operates with low latency, processes dynamic data in real-time and supports both data parallelism and high computing intensity. The deployment must be able to handle analytics tasks that place a high demand on computing resources without failure or necessitating further customization/server space, and the attendant loss of data center space and financial resources. Instead, IT managers must use Hadoop’s framework to improve server utilization and ensure load balancing. They must also optimize data ingestion to ensure the integrity of the data; and perform regular maintenance on the various nodes throughout the cluster, replacing and upgrading nodes and operating systems when necessary, to minimize the effects of drive failures, overheating servers, obsolete techno logies, and other developments that can create service interruptions. When scaling the firm’s Hadoop deployment, they should use open source frameworks to ensure flexibility, compatibility, and innovative approaches to common data processing and storage problems. Of course, they also must ensure that common business analytics programs such as SAS and Revolution R can easily pull data from Hadoop for the use of internal data scientists, with minimal service interruptions.Further, IT managers, whether utilizing an on-premises deployment or a managed services provider, must ensure the security of the data. Many managed service providers, such as Cloudera, offer security options like Project Rhino and Sentry, now both open source Hadoop security initiatives. Like Cloudera’s Cloudera Navigator, some other managed service providers offer governance solutions to ensure legal compliance. Given the volumes of data and prevalence of hackers, viruses, and other security threats, this is on e responsibility that cannot be taken too lightly.HADOOP PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FOR BIG DATA MANAGEMENTIt is important to note that while Hadoop is open source, it is not free. Deployment, customization and optimization can drive up costs. However, since it is open source, any firm can offer Hadoop-based products and services. The firms offering the most robust releases of Hadoop-based services for Big Data management include Amazon Web Services, and Cloudera, Hortonworks, with Cloudera (which counts Doug Cutting as an employee) arguably being the most popular. Hortonworks is also well-known for counting many former Hadoop experts who formerly worked at Yahoo â€" a heavy Hadoop user.The Apache Foundation offers many open source packages that can be appended to a Hadoop installation. Further, many third-party business intelligence providers, like SAP AG, SAS, IBM, and Oracle provide support for Hadoop implementations, regardless of the managed service provider.GLOSSARY OF HADOOP-RELAT ED TERMSThe following are a few of the terms critical to understanding how Hadoop can be deployed at a firm to harness its data.Commodity computing: this refers to the optimization of computing components to maximize computation and minimize cost, and is usually performed with computing systems utilizing open standards. This is also known as cluster commodity computing.DataNode: this is what stores data in Hadoop. In a Hadoop cluster, there are multiple dataNodes with replicated data in each.Database management system: a system that allows a user to order, store, retrieve and manipulate data from a database. HDFS is commonly referred to as a database management system when in reality it is a file systemELT (Extract, Load and Transform): an acronym describing the processes, in order, which comprise a data manipulation method before data is uploaded into a file system or a database management system.File system: a directory-based system that controls how data is stored and retrieved.H adoop cluster: this is a computational cluster designed to store, process and analyze large volumes of unstructured data in a distributed computing environment.Hive: An Hadoop-based open source data warehouse that provides many relational database features, such as querying and analysis. Hive uses a programming language similar to SQL, called HiveQL.HUE: a browser-based interface for Hadoop end-users.JobTracker: this is a service that distributes MapReduce subtasks to specific nodes, once a client application has submitted a job.NameNode: the repository of the directory tree of all files in the HDFS, that also tracks where data is kept throughout the Hadoop cluster.Parallel processing: the concurrent use of one or more CPUs to run a program, which increases computing speed.Pig: a programming language used to create MapReduce programs in Hadoop.Unstructured data: data that lacks a predesigned data model, such as social media comments, or one that is not organized in a prearranged man ner, such as tags in a number of documents.Zookeeper: Hadoop-based infrastructure and services that allow cluster-wide synchronization.

Creating A New Cyber Force - 1182 Words

1. Today, there is a new battlefield domain where a keyboard and mouse are the new weapons of conflict. With land, sea, air and space in the background, warfare has entered a fifth domain: cyber. In this position paper, using a pro and con format, the debate on whether or not the Department of Defense (DoD) should create a new, independent branch for cyber will be discussed. To do this, the following will examine both sides of debate by highlighting two main points: the elimination of duplication of effort and the intensive resources required to make the transition. Finally, a look into a larger talent pool will be explored to highlight the largest benefit of creating a new Cyber Force. It is this paper’s stance that the DoD should create a separate structure in order to meet the new domain’s unique demands. 2. To better understand this topic, a brief background on cyber warrants a closer look. President Obama concluded as early as 2009 that the nation’s digital infrastructure of networks and computers that we depend on should be treated as a strategic national asset.1 With the former head of security at Microsoft acting as the cybersecurity tsar for the White House and General Keith Alexander, Director of the National Security Agency (NSA), leading Cyber Command (CYBERCOM), the protection of the nation’s infrastructure is finally being treated like a national security priority.2 This shift brings with it a debate on how to structure the US assets to realize itsShow MoreRelatedCyber Crime And Cyber Criminals844 Words   |  4 Pages Cyber crime is defined as any crime that involves a computer and network. Individuals, businesses and government agencies around the world constantly face threats to their medical information, consumer data, as well as company trade information and military decisions. Cyber security specialists are professionals that are specifically trained to protect individuals and organizations from cyber crime, hackers and scammers. Cyber criminals cause chaos Cyber criminals take pride in creating chaosRead MoreBuilding And Maintain A Cyber Operations Force1394 Words   |  6 PagesStrategic Goals Build and maintain a cyber operations force: The Department of Defense requires personnel to be trained to the highest standards and have the highest quality technology available to them in order to operate effectively. To this end the Department of Defense initiated the Cyber Mission Force in 2013 (â€Å"Department of Defense Cyber Strategy,† 2015). The Cyber Mission Force is 133 cyber teams: 68 Cyber Protection teams focused on defending the network, 13 National Mission teams to defendRead MoreThe Enforcement Of Cyber Security Standards1456 Words   |  6 PagesThere is a new threat to the world, cyberspace. New technologies are being developed daily that threaten secure organizations. Attackers are able to take advantage of any vulnerability that they can find no matter the geological location. This threat poses risks to the economy, militaries, and governments around the world. The U.S. is at the forefront of the defense of cyber security, but with the endless number of c yber terrorists, the U.S. defense is not enough. Nations need to come together toRead MoreWorld War II ended in 1945, but America could not rest. â€Å"Serious discussion about reorganization700 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Serious discussion about reorganization began in Congress and the military department in 1944 and aroused much public interest† (Trask 1997). Because the Air Force played such a large role, discussion of separating the Air Force from the Army Air Forces (AAF) began. A proposal was created to establish one department for the United States Armed Forces, combining all the military branches under one department. â€Å"On 19 December 1945, President Truman sent a message to Congress recommending a single departmentRead MoreCyber Warfare : The Threat Of The United State s National Security1313 Words   |  6 PagesCyber Warfare Warfare can be defined as engaging in war or conflict. There are many different categories of warfare. More commonly known types include guerilla warfare, land warfare, aerial warfare, and naval warfare. Although when war is mentioned many minds wander to these forms of warfare, there are others that are not always as obvious. A rapidly growing type of warfare is cyber warfare. Cyber warfare can be defined as attacks from other nations to tap in to or destroy any type of informationRead MoreCyber Deterrence And Its Impact On Western Europe1518 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Cyber Deterrence? Merriam-Webster defines deterrence as the act of making someone decide not to do something or the act of preventing a particular act or behavior from happening (Merriam-Webster, 2015) . This can be applied to the cyber realm in the sense that we need to deter terrorists, state actors and non-state actors from attempting attacks on U.S. networks. To understand how to apply cyber deterrence we have to look at past policies or theories on deterrence. Deterrence theory firstRead MoreCyber War : A New And Growing Realm Of Influence946 Words   |  4 Pagesways little imagined. Cyber, a broad term, means various things to many individuals throughout international communities. Cyber war, unlike the wars of the past, does not fit into current perceptions of war. Yet, a fifth warfighting domain known as cyberspace is a new and growing realm of influence. Various states have or are creating cyberspace units, warriors, strategies and conducting operations (both defensive and offensive). Only hints of what is and will become cyber war crosses the publicRead MoreComputer Security Breaches Are Caused By Vulnerabilities959 Words   |  4 PagesThe number of significant computer security breaches around the globe is continuously growing. Typically, at least once a month. a major news story is published about an extensive data breach or a company being hacked. Many organizations are being compromised by means of software vulnerabilities , distributed denial of service attacks, and in many cases their own employees. By the end of 2015 over 4.9 billion devices will be connected to the internet and any one of them could be susceptible to anRead MoreThree Types of Cyber War in Small Wars Journal by David Hollis1347 Words   |  6 PagesThere exist three types of cyber war. ITC regulatory framework, criminal law, and Law of Armed Conflict. The last one the Law of Armed Conflicts was applied to the Georgian case. This type of war was applied to Russia-Georgian conflict because of the actual hostile situation between two states that was led to the escalation and use of armed forces and dispute. Russia claims that its only intention was to â€Å"defend the lives and dignity of its citizens†, in South Ossetia and Georgia.Russia describesRead MoreModern Warfare : A Multi Threat Joint Environment1130 Words   |  5 Pagescomplexity of modern warfare makes a requirement to be able to fight in a multi-threat joint envi ronment to achieve desired effects in all domains and at all levels. The airpower, which encompasses elements operating in the Air, Maritime, Land and Cyber domains as well as Space, is one of the strongest drivers for domain integration. The airpower is the most capable means, complying to and fitted with the requirements to be a successful one in the modern Network-Centric Warfare, due to its unique

Powerful Techniques for Professional Research Paper Format That You Can Use Starting Immediately

Powerful Techniques for Professional Research Paper Format That You Can Use Starting Immediately The Advantages of Professional Research Paper Format The research paper outline will help to clarify the topic of the research paper, guide the subject matter to remain on course, and helps to begin the writing of the true research paper. When you submit your paper, be certain to keep a safe copy. No matter the character of your research, if you're writing a paper an outline can help you to not just organize your thoughts, but in addition function as the template for your whole paper. When you're writing your research paper's introduction, you ought to be building it around a particular outline that supplies a general review of the paper. Most scientists read the title and abstract to determine whether they ought to go through the whole paper. A research paper that concerns scientific issues isn't only a free-style essay where you're able to tell readers whatever you desire. After you have located a report, examine the reference section to find different studies cited in the guide. You might also want to suggest more research or comment on things that it wasn't possible that you discuss in the paper. Choosing Professional Research Paper Format The more points you would like to include, the more elaborate outline you'll ever have. In case it exceeds, say, 3 pages, you may want to break this up by including another section that covers the crucial details for one or more of the above mentioned aspects. You may include as many details as you desire. Point out the primary thesis you're covering and add different details into subheadings. Next, you can think of an even greater idea for a thesis. You compose an ou tline to make sure you don't miss a few important thoughts and that everything is well-structured. Every thought should be relevant and concise. There is no simple answer as there are many aspects. The Professional Research Paper Format Trap In the event you doubt that you are able to deal with the job, be sure to search for expert assistance. Don't use the margins or compose a change under the line it affects. You will be amazed at how many times a paper can be made better if you merely have a stand or a position and argue for a particular position. For the purpose, the exact same instructions about how to compose a research paper suggest using simple grammar structures, active voice and so forth. To compose the text citations is vital because it gives the authentication of your research. Therefore, if you're expected to compose any sort of academic or professional papers, it's very likely that you're going to be asked to adhere to either APA or MLA standards. How to mak e an APA research paper outline If it's necessary to write employing the APA format, you should adhere to the general rules of making the outline. The format to be used is related to the topic that you have chosen. So, first of all, a college research paper has to be informative. There are a number of good references to aid you with research methodology and technical writing. As the title of the writing implies you should conduct the research in the certain region of knowledge. You need to pick a trusted service of assignment writing to finish your thesis paper. No matter whichever one that you opt to use, you have to be consistent throughout your essay. It is preferable to use total sentence outline structure, if your paper ought to be formatted in MLA. After you decide upon your thesis, you should be sure to put it in the ideal spot the previous sentence of the very first paragraph. Thus, your thesis is genuinely a statement which goes through three stages. Who Else Wa nts to Learn About Professional Research Paper Format? Research Paper isn't a task for a single day. You'll quickly learn whether the paper you're replicating faithfully communicates the info you must reproduce the study. When using Kaltura for your recording, you can record a video or utilize audio only in the event that you do not own a camera on your PC. Utilizing the APA format also enables the writer to further develop their writing abilities. Other individuals prefer the usage of staples. Begin by looking over the notes you made during the research procedure and consider how you wish to present all your ideas and research. In the event you need assistance with research paper outline or some help with academic writing, don't hesitate to use our expert services. Keep notes To answer your research question you have to have used a good deal of materials together with applied several techniques.

Deception Point Page 92 Free Essays

Through the darkness, a staccato burst from the nose of the chopper sent a torrent of bullets chewing across the Goya’s fiberglass deck, slashing a line across the stern. Rachel dove for cover too late and felt the searing slash of a bullet graze her arm. She hit the ground hard, then rolled, scrambling to get behind the bulbous transparent dome of the Triton submersible. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 92 or any similar topic only for you Order Now A thundering of rotors exploded overhead as the chopper swooped past the ship. The noise evaporated with an eerie hiss as the chopper rocketed out over the ocean and began a wide bank for a second pass. Lying trembling on the deck, Rachel held her arm and looked back at Tolland and Corky. Apparently having lunged to cover behind a storage structure, the two men were now staggering to their feet, their eyes scanning the skies in terror. Rachel pulled herself to her knees. The entire world suddenly seemed to be moving in slow motion. Crouched behind the transparent curvature of the Triton sub, Rachel looked in panic toward their only means of escape-the Coast Guard helicopter. Xavia was already climbing into the chopper’s cabin, frantically waving for everyone to get aboard. Rachel could see the pilot lunging into the cockpit, wildly throwing switches and levers. The blades began to turn†¦ ever so slowly. Too slowly. Hurry! Rachel felt herself standing now, preparing to run, wondering if she could make it across the deck before the attackers made another pass. Behind her, she heard Corky and Tolland dashing toward her and the waiting helicopter. Yes! Hurry! Then she saw it. A hundred yards out, up in the sky, materializing out of empty darkness, a pencil-thin beam of red light slanted across the night, searching the Goya’s deck. Then, finding its mark, the beam came to a stop on the side of the waiting Coast Guard chopper. The image took only an instant to register. In that horrific moment, Rachel felt all the action on the deck of the Goya blur into a collage of shapes and sounds. Tolland and Corky dashing toward her-Xavia motioning wildly in the helicopter-the stark red laser slicing across the night sky. It was too late. Rachel spun back toward Corky and Tolland, who were running full speed now toward the helicopter. She lunged outward into their path, arms outstretched trying to stop them. The collision felt like a train wreck as the three of them crashed to the deck in a tangle of arms and legs. In the distance, a flash of white light appeared. Rachel watched in disbelief and horror as a perfectly straight line of exhaust fire followed the path of the laser beam directly toward the helicopter. When the Hellfire missile slammed into the fuselage, the helicopter exploded apart like a toy. The concussion wave of heat and noise thundered across the deck as flaming shrapnel rained down. The helicopter’s flaming skeleton lurched backward on its shattered tail, teetered a moment, and then fell off the back of the ship, crashing into the ocean in a hissing cloud of steam. Rachel closed her eyes, unable to breathe. She could hear the flaming wreckage gurgling and sputtering as it sank, being dragged away from the Goya by the heavy currents. In the chaos, Michael Tolland’s voice was yelling. Rachel felt his powerful hands trying to pull her to her feet. But she could not move. The Coast Guard pilot and Xavia are dead. We’re next. 111 The weather on the Milne Ice Shelf had settled, and the habisphere was quiet. Even so, NASA administrator Lawrence Ekstrom had not even tried to sleep. He had spent the hours alone, pacing the dome, staring into the extraction pit, running his hands over the grooves in the giant charred rock. Finally, he’d made up his mind. Now he sat at the videophone in the habisphere’s PSC tank and looked into the weary eyes of the President of the United States. Zach Herney was wearing a bathrobe and did not look at all amused. Ekstrom knew he would be significantly less amused when he learned what Ekstrom had to tell him. When Ekstrom finished talking, Herney had an uncomfortable look on his face-as if he thought he must still be too asleep to have understood correctly. â€Å"Hold on,† Herney said. â€Å"We must have a bad connection. Did you just tell me that NASA intercepted this meteorite’s coordinates from an emergency radio transmission-and then pretended that PODS found the meteorite?† Ekstrom was silent, alone in the dark, willing his body to awake from this nightmare. The silence clearly did not sit well with the President. â€Å"For Christ’s sake, Larry, tell me this isn’t true!† Ekstrom’s mouth went dry. â€Å"The meteorite was found, Mr. President. That is all that’s relevant here.† â€Å"I said tell me this is not true!† The hush swelled to a dull roar in Ekstrom’s ears. I had to tell him, Ekstrom told himself. It’s going to get worse before it gets better. â€Å"Mr. President, the PODS failure was killing you in the polls, sir. When we intercepted a radio transmission that mentioned a large meteorite lodged in the ice, we saw a chance to get back in the fight.† Herney sounded stunned. â€Å"By faking a PODS discovery?† â€Å"PODS was going to be up and running soon, but not soon enough for the election. The polls were slipping, and Sexton was slamming NASA, so†¦ â€Å" â€Å"Are you insane! You lied to me, Larry!† â€Å"The opportunity was staring us in the face, sir. I decided to take it. We intercepted the radio transmission of the Canadian who made the meteorite discovery. He died in a storm. Nobody else knew the meteorite was there. PODS was orbiting in the area. NASA needed a victory. We had the coordinates.† â€Å"Why are you telling me this now?† â€Å"I thought you should know.† â€Å"Do you know what Sexton would do with this information if he found out?† Ekstrom preferred not to think about it. â€Å"He’d tell the world that NASA and the White House lied to the American people! And you know what, he’d be right!† â€Å"You did not lie, sir, I did. And I will step down if-â€Å" â€Å"Larry, you’re missing the point. I’ve tried to run this presidency on truth and decency! Goddamn it! Tonight was clean. Dignified. Now I find out I lied to the world?† â€Å"Only a small lie, sir.† â€Å"There’s no such thing, Larry,† Herney said, steaming. Ekstrom felt the tiny room closing in around him. There was so much more to tell the President, but Ekstrom could see it should wait until morning. â€Å"I’m sorry to have woken you, sir. I just thought you should know.† Across town, Sedgewick Sexton took another hit of cognac and paced his apartment with rising irritation. Where the hell is Gabrielle? 112 Gabrielle Ashe sat in the darkness at Senator Sexton’s desk and gave his computer a despondent scowl. Invalid Password – Access Denied She had tried several other passwords that seemed likely possibilities, but none had worked. After searching the office for any unlocked drawers or stray clues, Gabrielle had all but given up. She was about to leave when she spotted something odd, shimmering on Sexton’s desk calendar. Someone had outlined the date of the election in a red, white, and blue glitter pen. Certainly not the senator. Gabrielle pulled the calendar closer. Emblazoned across the date was a frilly, glittering exclamation: POTUS! Sexton’s ebullient secretary had apparently glitterpainted some more positive thinking for him for election day. The acronym POTUS was the U.S. Secret Service’s code name for President of the United States. On election day, if all went well, Sexton would become the new POTUS. Preparing to leave, Gabrielle realigned the calendar on his desk and stood up. She paused suddenly, glancing back at the computer screen. Enter Password:_ She looked again at the calendar. How to cite Deception Point Page 92, Essay examples

Leadership Traits and Characteristics

Introduction Synopsis The video starts with the introduction of the guests present in the program. The host, Charlie Rose gives a comprehensive coverage of some of the great achievements of both guests, Bill George and John Whitehead. He identifies them as leading business leaders with careers in key leadership positions spanning over four decades.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Traits and Characteristics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bill George is currently at Harvard Business School as professor of management practice. He was the chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Medtronic, well known as the leading company dealing with medical technology. He is also the author of bestselling books on leadership. John C. Whitehead is a former US Navy officer where he was in charge of D-Day. He later joined the Goldman Sachs where he rose to the chairmanship position and later a Co-chairman. Whitehead also served in the US government’s administration as Deputy Secretary of State. He currently chairs the World Trade Center Memorial Foundation. The conversation then moves on to invite the insights about leadership from each of the guest’s perspective. Before that, the host highlights the idea that a biography is a central part of every leader. Discussion Leadership Traits and Characteristics Leadership has been a major concern over a long period of time in virtually all parts of the world. Outstanding leaders have existed since past generations and they have exhibited specific characteristics and traits. Some people have always believed that great leaders are born and do not need any training on how to lead while other schools of thought are convinced that anyone can learn how to become a leader (George Sims, 2007). The arguments presented can be used to justify the fact that both schools of thought are applicable. It is believed that leaders have common basic characteris tics and traits which can be nurtured and altered as one develops depending on the various situations and encounters in life. It is important to find and determine what qualities are found in great leaders but few have made attempts to investigate this. According to George (2007), an individual can decide to learn to become a leader by nurturing appropriate traits and characteristics of leadership. He argues that one has to develop the passion for leadership that is inborn. Authentic leadership The desire to successfully lead an organization, whether it is large or small, into achieving its mission and vision has proved to be one of the greatest challenges faced by leaders. Leadership means service and meeting all the needs of the stakeholders is not an easy task (Rose, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With all these varied demands, leaders should exercise some reasona ble degree of authenticity in order to remain focused on their vision for the entire organization. According to George (2007), a successful leader should be able to bring the best resources to the organization. Great corporations of the twenty-first-century are faced with complexities which can only be dealt with by exceptional leaders. Leadership demands purposefulness, integrity, and strong values that act as guiding principles in pushing an organization forward. Great leaders of organizations who demonstrate authenticity have been known to continue with the good dreams of their predecessors with the desire to leave longstanding legacies (George Sims, 2007). Authenticity is about being the best one can be with inborn character development (George Sims, 2007). The greatest desire of an authentic leader is to genuinely serve and help organizations and the people through their leadership positions. They are not guided by selfish desires but instead seek to empower others with passi on and compassion as well as their own intelligence. In his book, George and Sims point out that authentic leaders are not born that way but they nurture their natural leadership gifts to full potential (2007). Outstanding leaders are well aware of not only their natural abilities but also their weakness and strive to overcome them. Consistency and self-discipline are some of the key characteristics of authentic leaders and this helps in building confidence of the people in them and what they stand for. Courage Being courageous is one of the most important characteristic of any leader and keeps leaders focused on what they are determined to achieve. A confident leader inspires those who are being led into action and remain committed to the course set by the leader (Whitehead, 2005). This trait is usually confused with arrogance which may be detrimental to the spirit of team work. A leader who is arrogant will always cause resentment among the team members. Confidence should be exerc ised with a sense of humility. Listening Listening is a very important skill for any successful leader (Rose, 2007). It involves hearing the speaker’s words, understanding the message being conveyed and how it is important to the speaker, and being able to give appropriate feedback to the source. Listening is one of the earliest skills of communication to be learnt yet very few are able to master it (Rose, 2007). There is a close a close relationship between effective listening and efficient leadership.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Traits and Characteristics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Effective leadership entails proper communication and that is why listening becomes a crucial component. Good leaders communicate clearly and at the right time in order to enhance understanding. This shows that effective leadership involves keen listening and empathic attention to the speaker. According t o Whitehead, leaders who listen promote positive relationship in a team and inspire a sense of trust (Taylor McDonald, 2009). As it has already been mentioned, listening is a skill and therefore one has to learn. An effective listening maintains an encouraging eye contact with the speaker. Effective leaders ought not to seem to be in a hurry during any communication process since attention makes the speaker feel important. Great leaders have also mastered the skill of asking questions in the course of communication, particularly when the speaker asks a question. Responding to such questions and finding out more from the speaker implies a sense of interest and directed listening. Apart from asking questions, a good listener provides feedback based on the response from the speaker. Acting on the response promotes mutual understanding between the parties. Every successful leader, therefore, would want assure the people of his unwavering attention and listening is one way of ensuring t his. One of the basic rules of effective communication is not to talk and listen at the same time (Whitehead, 2005). Patience Moreover, effective leadership in any field demands a number of virtues and characteristics. Great leaders have demonstrated that patience is another very central characteristic that must be cultivated. Having held key and demanding leadership positions in the business sector and government departments, George and Whitehead agree that patience plays an important role in promoting relationships with employees and board members (Rose, 2007). In order to effectively achieve the goals and missions of any organization, leaders must exercise high degree patience so as to harmonize the often varied views, feelings, opinions and other preferences of the employees (George, McLean Craig, 2008). According to Whitehead (2005), some exceptional situations may call for impatience in order to get things done but most astute leaders have come to realize that patience can he lp in meeting objectives. In the conversion, Whitehead notes that making appropriate judgments depend on the situations which can help leaders achieve the acceptable degrees of tolerance and patience. He argues that some objectives do not have to be met instantly and hence patience from the side of the leader is paramount.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Professional researchers have suggested that patience is multi-dimensional. Three facets of patience have been identified and they include; perspective, politics, and perseverance (the 3 P’s). A leader who has perspective is capable of making wise decisions as far as taking actions is concerned (Taylor McDonald, 2009). Perspective ensures that a leader gets the entire picture of any situation as opposed to parochial considerations, concentration on matters that matter less. Effective leaders are able to see clearly into the future by creating a perspective. Every organization has its own politics and leaders have to be aware of what is going on in the environment. This knowledge will guide the leader in making correct judgments about which projects and proposals need to be made (George et al., 2008). The third sub-virtue is persistence which involves continued presentation of suggestions which a leader is strongly convinced of its viability. Getting of approval for proposals and purchases from the responsible board may not be immediate and this is when persistence comes in. Trust and Respect Greatest leaders have reached great heights due to the trust and respect they command from their followers. Effective leaders have these two key characteristics and are able to execute their responsibilities with minimal difficulty. Being able to generate trust and respect does not imply that one is like as an individual but rather by consistency of actions. Failure Failure is very important in helping an individual to understand him or herself and to start on a higher note. Going through difficulties in life hardens a person to face challenges with a lot of determination. Many great leaders of the world have had significant instances of failure before they realized their full potential (George Sims, 2007). A real leader learns from the mistakes and challenges that he or she experiences. Bill George points out that he lost a number of student elections while at co llege but that did not deter his desire to become the best he wanted to be (2007). Winston Churchill and Abraham Lincoln were able to face their challenges and they eventually overcame their demons (Rose, 2007). They both saw failures as learning opportunities rather than regarding them as the most unfortunate events to have ever happened in their lives. Over the past six dates, according to the guests, American leadership has changed significantly. They argue that leaders in America in the modern time are elected for the wrong reasons while the should-be-leaders are left out of the leadership path (George et al., 2008). Conclusion The essay has discussed in detail the traits and characteristics of leadership. The conversation about leadership has brought out five major traits and characteristics of leadership. Authenticity, courage, listening skills, patience, and trust and respect have been elaborated from the view of the guests and other authors. References Taylor, F. McDonald, J. A. (2009). Understanding leadership: theory and practice. International Journal of Leadership [Peer Reviewed]. Routledge George, B. Sims, E. P. (2007). True North: discover your authentic leadership. Wiley, John Sons George, B. McLean, A. Craig, N. (2008). Finding your True North: a personal guide. Harvard Business Review. [Peer Reviewed].Wiley, John Sons Rose, C. (Executive Producer). (2007, August 27). Charlie Rose. [Television broadcast]. New York: Public Broadcasting Service. Web. Whitehead, J. C. (2005). A life in leadership: from D-Day to Ground Zero. Basic Books This essay on Leadership Traits and Characteristics was written and submitted by user Kelly Moses to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.